Breaking down symmetry

Breaking down symmetry

Weaker is better ntigenic therapy researchers have long relied on repeated dosing of high-affinity ligands to inactivate select T cells by causing over-stimulation that leads to apoptosis. Contrary to this strategy, Bingye colleagues now show that low-affinity peptides targeting autoreactive T cells protect mice more effectively against diabetes than do high-affinity peptides. Peptides that are...

Symmetry breaking of gauge theories down to Abelian sub-groups

I re-derive the lowest order effective Lagrangian for electro-weak symmetry breaking without the use of Goldstone’s theorem for spontaneously broken global symmetries and without the assumption of a custodial symmetry. I consider the breaking of a local symmetry with gauge group G down to an Abelian sub-group K and construct a gauge-invariant functional with one free parameter v, such that v = ...

Symmetry Breaking

Symmetry occurs in many problems in aritifical intelligence. For example, in the n-queens problem, the chessboard can be rotated 90◦. As a second example, several machines in a factory might have the same capacity. In a production schedule, we might therefore be able to swap the jobs on machines with the same capacity. As a third example, two people within a company might have the same skills. ...

Symmetry Breaking

Symmetry, Symmetry Breaking and Topology

The ground state of a system with symmetry can be described by a group G. This symmetry groupG can be discrete or continuous. Thus for a crystalG is a finite group while for the vacuum state of a grand unified theory G is a continuous Lie group. The ground state symmetry described by G can change spontaneously from G to one of its subgroups H as the external parameters of the system are modifie...